Ferrari 612 Scaglietti

The Ferrari 612 Scaglietti (Italian pronunciation: [skaʎˈʎetti] skall-YET-e or sky-YET-e) is a grand tourer produced by Ferrari between 2004 and 2010. It is a large two door fastback coupé. The 612 Scaglietti was designed to replace the smaller 456 M; its larger size makes it a true 4 seater with adequate space in the rear seats for adults.
The design, especially the large side scallops and the headlights, pays homage to the custom 1954 Ferrari 375 MM that director Roberto Rossellini had commissioned for his wife, Ingrid Bergman.

Ferrari GG50 (2006)

The GG50 was a concept car developed by Italdesign-Giugiaro S.P.A design studio, commemorating 50th anniversary of Giorgetto Giugiaro designing automobiles.
The vehicle was unveiled in 2006 NAIAS.

 

612 Sessanta (2007)

The 612 Sessanta is a limited (60 unit) version commemorating 60th anniversary of the company. It included 19-inch forged aluminum wheels, black chrome exhaust tips and Ferrari's F1 gearbox, three-position electrochromic glass roof, steering wheel with start/stop button and Bose entertainment unit.^[4]
Colour choices include:^[5]

• Grigio scuro (Colori Classici '50-'60) / Nero with grigio scuro side line (Dark grey/Black with dark grey side line)


• Rubino Micalizzato / Nero Daytona with Rubino Micalizzato side line (Metallic ruby/Daytona black with metallic ruby side line)

Police car

The police version, with a police colour scheme, included the HGTS (Handling GTS package) and Daytona style seats, personalised stitching and leather details, yellow rev counter, yellow brake callipers and Scuderia Ferrari shields. It has a MSRP of £200,411 including a four year warranty.
The vehicle began its relay at the UK on 18 May 2007, which was driven by police officers at the front of the UK tour throughout the 1,500 miles from Belfast to London.

Chassis

The 612 is Ferrari's second all-aluminium vehicle, the first being the 360 Modena. Its space frame, developed with Alcoa, is made from extrusions and castings of the material, and the aluminium body is welded on. The chassis of the 612 forms the basis of the 599 GTB.

Engine

The 612 Scaglietti shares its engine with the Ferrari 575M Maranello. The engine has compression ratio of 11.2:1. The car is capable of 315 km/h (196 mph) and has a 0–100 km/h acceleration time of 4.3 seconds.

Engine type	Power, torque @ rpm
5,748 cc (5.748 L; 350.8 cu in) V12 (Tipo F133F)	540 PS (397.2 kW; 532.6 hp) @7250, 588 N·m (434 lb·ft) @5250

Transmissions

The 612 comes with 6-speed manual or the 6-speed F1A semi-automatic paddle shift system, a much refined version of the F1 system in the 360.

Production

The 612 was produced at Ferrari's Carrozzeria Scaglietti plant, the former home of the car's namesake coachbuilder in Modena, Italy. It was then taken down the road to the Maranello factory and the V12 engine was put in along with the interior
The Ferrari 612 was replaced by the Ferrari FF (Ferrari For Four) in 2011.

Ferrari F355

The Ferrari F355 is a sports car built by Ferrari from May 1994 to 1999. It is an evolution of the Ferrari 348 and was replaced by the Ferrari 360. It is a mid-engined, rear wheel drive V8-powered 2-seat coupe. One major difference between the V8 in the 348 and that in the F355, apart from the displacement increase from 3.4 to 3.5 L, is that the F355 features a 5-valve per-cylinder head that is considerably more powerful, producing 380 PS (279 kW; 375 hp). The longitudinal 90° V8 engine was bored 2mm over the 348 to achieve the modest increase in displacement, with an 85mm bore, 77mm stroke and a total displacement of 3495.50 cc, utilizing an 11:1 compression ratio. Ferrari employed the Bosch Motronic M2.7 in the 1995 model year, and switched to the M5.2 in 1996 through end of production, using electronic fuel injection, ignition control system with a single spark plug per cylinder and a dry-sump oil lubrication system.
The frame is a steel monocoque with tubular steel rear sub-frame with front and rear suspensions using independent, unequal-length wishbones, coil springs over gas-filled telescopic shock absorbers with electronic control servos and anti-roll bars. Ferrari fitted all road-going F355 models with Pirelli tires, size 225/40ZR 18 in front and 265/40 ZR 18 in the rear.
At launch, two models were available: the coupe Berlinetta, and the targa topped GTS. The Spider (convertible) version was introduced in 1995. In 1997 the Formula One style paddle gear shift electrohydraulic manual transmission was introduced with the Ferrari 355 F1^[1] (note the dropping of the F before the 355) adding £6,000 to the dealer asking price.
The nomenclature does not follow the formula from the previous decades, ie. engine capacity + cylinder number (eg. 246 = 2.4 litres + 6 cyl, 308 = 3.0 litres + 8 cyl, and same for the 328, 348, 512 etc). This time, Ferrari used engine capacity plus number of valves per cylinder, as they were proud to boast about this technological advancement, ie 355 = 3.5 litres engine capacity and 5 valves per cylinder. The F355 is more common than other Ferrari models with 11,273 total units produced.

The Berlinetta was introduced in May, 1994 as the first in a successful series of F355 models. Initially, the 6-speed manual was the only transmission available. However, in 1997, the Berlinetta was the first ever road car to be equipped with the innovative F1-style gearbox management system. Derived directly from Formula 1, where it made its debut in 1989 winning the Brazilian Grand Prix, the electro-hydraulic system was operated by paddles behind the steering wheel using the F355’s conventional 6-speed manual gearbox. The new transmission guaranteed lightning-quick gear changes, with the additional advantage that both the driver’s hands could stay on the wheel at all times.
Ferrari produced 4,871 road-going Berlinetta models during the entire production run, of which 3,829 were 6-speed and 1,042 were F1 transmissions.The F355 Spider debuted in 1995, its Pininfarina-penned lines honed by 1,800 hours^[2] in the wind tunnel, resulting in a blend of elegant style and aerodynamic performance. For the first time on a Ferrari, the semi-automatic soft-top was powered electronically. Initially, the Spider was offered with the 6-speed transmission. In 1997, the Spider was offered with the F1 transmission option. The Spider proved to be the second-most popular F355 model, with a total production of 3,717 units, of which 2,664 were produced with the 6-speed transmission and another 1,053 produced with the F1 transmission.

F355 GTS

In 1995, Ferrari introduced the GTS model to the F355 family. The GTS model is based on the Berlinetta but offers a removable "targa-style" hard top roof, which can be stored behind the seats. Other specifications were identical to the Berlinetta. A total of 2,577 GTS models were produced, with 2,048 delivered with the 6-speed transmission and another 529 with the F1 transmission.

F355 Challenge

In 1995 Ferrari introduced a race ready F355 Challenge model for use specifically in the Ferrari Challenge.^[3] The Ferrari F355 Challenge model is created by starting with a standard Ferrari F355 Berlinetta model and modifying it with a $30,000 factory-to-dealer supplied kit. The kit requires 110 hours to install, and includes the following components/modifications^[4]:

• Competition clutch


• Competition steering wheel


• Lightweight exhaust


• Rollcage


• Racing seats


• Safety harnesses


• Fire extinguisher


• Engine cutoff switch


• Carbon fiber rear wing


• Upgraded 14" Brembo brakes


• 18" Speedline wheels


• Pirelli racing slicks


• Solid suspension bushings and competition springs


• Rear brake cooling ducts


• Challenge black rear grille

The F355 Challenge shares the same engine performance and physical dimension specifications as the original. 108 were produced, all with the 6-speed transmission. Each F355 Challenge has an emblem on the rear that specifically denotes 'F355 Challenge'.

Serie Fiorano

For 1999, Ferrari introduced a limited production of F355 Spider models designated, "Serie Fiorano." Launched in March, 1999, this limited production run of 100 planned units (104 actually produced) included a number of performance enhancements:

• Competizione-derived Fiorano suspension pack, featuring wide track, stiffer springs, a thicker anti-roll bar


• Drilled and ventilated brake discs and competition brake pads


• Competizione-sourced steering rack


• Alterations to the computer mapping provided a little more power and torque


• Challenge rear grilles and enamelled Scuderia Ferrari shields


• Carbon-fibre inserts (normally only available as expensive special order options): centre console, door sills and paddle shifters


• Suede-covered steering wheel

There were 100 Serie Fiorano units delivered to the U.S. market, 74 with the F1 transmission and 26 with the 6-speed manual. An additional 4 units were produced beyond the planned production with 3 European models and one South African delivery. Each unit was delivered with a numbered plaque affixed to the dashboard.

Performance

• Max power @ rpm: 380 hp (283 kW) @ 8250*^[2]


• HP/liter: 109 hp/l


• Torque @ rpm: 363 N·m (268 lb·ft) @ 6000^[2]


• 0-60 mp/h: 4.6 s ^[5]


• 0–100 km/h: 4.7 s ^[2]


• 0–160 km/h: 10.8 s^[6]


• Quarter Mile: 12.9 s ^[2]


• 0–1000 m: 23.7 s ^[2]


• Top speed: 295 km/h (183 mph)

Video:Ferrari 458 Spider official video and pic !

The first official presentation video of the new Ferrari 458 Spider.

Ferrari California

The Ferrari California is a grand touring sports car that was launched by Ferrari at the 2008 Paris Motor Show. It is a two door "2+2" hard top convertible. The California is powered by front-mid mounted gasoline direct injection 4.3 L (260 cu in) V8, sending a claimed 460 PS (340 kW; 450 hp).^[2] The car revives the "California" name used for the late-1950s Ferrari 250 GT.
According to industry rumors, the California originally started as a concept for a new Maserati, but the resulting expense to produce the car led the Fiat Group to badge it as a Ferrari in order to justify the high cost of purchase; the company denies this, however.^[3] The California represents a new, fourth model range for the company.

Production

The California will be built in a new production line adjacent to the existing factory at Maranello.^[3] The existing production line produces 27 cars per day, or 6,000 per annum. Ferrari plans to produce 5,000 Californias in the first two years of production, thereby increasing Ferrari production by 50% with introduction of this nameplate.^[3] The California, according to many motoring magazines, is sold out until 2011, with 60% of buyers being new to the Ferrari marque.^[5]

Design

The California represents a number of firsts for Ferrari:

• The first front engined Ferrari with a V8
• The first to feature a 7-speed dual clutch transmission
• The first with a folding metal roof
• The first with multi-link rear suspension
• The first with direct petrol injection

Bosch produced the direct injection system. The engine displaces 4,297 cubic centimeters, delivering 338 kilowatts (460 horsepower) at 7,750 revs per minute, with a the maximum torque is 485 Newton meters at 5,000 revs per minute. The resulting 107 horsepower per litre of engine displacement is one of the highest for a naturally aspirated engine, as other manufacturers have used supercharging or turbocharging to reach similar power levels. ^[6]

Performance

	2009 Ferrari

The California has a top speed of 310 km/h (193 mph) and it can accelerate from zero to 100 km/h (62 mph) under 4 seconds.^[2] Although 180 kilograms (397 lb) heavier and 30 PS (22 kW; 30 hp) less powerful than the mid-engined F430, the California reaches 60 mph (97 km/h) in the same time as the F430 due to the dual-clutch transmission.

Aerodynamics

Ferrari spent over 1,000 hours in the wind tunnel with a one-third-scale model of the California perfecting its aerodynamics. With the top up, the California has a drag coefficient of 0.32, making it the most aerodynamic Ferrari ever made.^[7]

 

Maserati GranTurismo

The Maserati GranTurismo is a two-door 2+2 coupé produced by Maserati, it shares the platform of the Maserati Quattroporte V.

GranTurismo (2007-)

The vehicle was unveiled in 2007 Geneva Motor Show.^[1] The GranTurismo has a drag coefficient of 0.33. The standard version has a 4.2 litre V8 engine with 405 PS (298 kW; 399 hp) and automatic ZF gearbox 6 speed and the larger engine is a 4.7 litre 433 hp V8.^[2] The body has been derived from the Maserati Quattroporte V with double wishbone front suspensions and multilink rear suspension.

GranTurismo S (2008-)

The S version features a 4,691 cc (4.691 L; 286.3 cu in) V8 engine rated 440 PS (324 kW; 434 hp) at 7000 rpm and 490 N·m (360 lb·ft) at 4750 rpm, a robotic 6-speed sequential transmission with Transaxle layout, 47% front and 53% rear weight distribution. The standard suspension set-up is fixed-setting steel dampers, with the Skyhook adaptive suspension available as an option.
The S version with robotized manual was only available in the North American market for 2009 MY, but continues to be available for European customers.
The vehicle was unveiled in 2008 Geneva Motor show. ^[3]

GranTurismo MC (2009-)

It is a limited production car based on the GranTurismo MC Concept, but included 6-points seat-belt, 120 L (32 US gal; 26 imp gal) fuel tank, 380 mm (15.0 in) front and 326 mm (12.8 in) rear brake disc with 6-piston front and 4-piston rear calipers, 11x18-in wheels with 305/645/18 front and 305/680/18 rear tires, carbon fiber shock absorbers.
The vehicle was unveiled in Paul Ricard circuit, in France. It went on sale in 2009-10 at Maserati Corse with MSRP of €135,000.^[4]

GranTurismo S Automatic (2009-)

It is a version of Maserati GranTurismo S with ZF 6-speed automatic transmission from the base model vehicle, standard Skyhook adaptive suspension, alternate under-door mini-skirts, 20 inch wheel rims with "Trident" design, standard Bluetooth wireless technology and iPod interface.
The vehicle was unveiled in 2009 Geneva Motor Show.

GranCabrio (2010-)

Grancabrio is a convertible version of GranTurismo S Automatic with canvas roof. In the United States it will be called the GranTurismo Convertible.^[8]
The vehicle was unveiled in 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.^[9] Production was set to begin in 2010. The vehicle is built in the Viale Ciro Menotti Maserati factory. Delivery of the vehicle started in May 2010.
The Maserati GranCabrio is powered by the same 4.7-litre 440 PS (324 kW; 434 hp) V8 that is in the Gran Turismo S Automatic.

MC Stradale (2011-)

MC Stradale pictured in London.

In September 2010, Maserati released that they will be officially showing a new version of the GranTurismo - the MC Stradale - at the 2010 Paris Motor Show. The MC Stradale promises to be more powerful (450 PS (331 kW; 444 hp),) lighter, and more aerodynamic than any previous GranTurismo model.^[10]

Specifications

Engines

The engines are from Ferrari/Maserati V8 family.

Model	Years	Type	Power, torque@rpm	Redline
GranTurismo	2007-	4.2L 4,244 cc (259.0 cu in) 90° V8	405 PS (298 kW; 399 hp) @7100, 460 N·m (340 lb·ft) @4750	7250
GranTurismo S	2008-	4.7L 4,691 cc (286.3 cu in) 90° V8	440 PS (324 kW; 434 hp) @7000, 490 N·m (360 lb·ft) @4750	7500
GranTurismo S Automatic	2009-	4.7L 4,691 cc (286.3 cu in) 90° V8	440 PS (324 kW; 434 hp) @7000, 490 N·m (360 lb·ft) @4750	7200
GranCabrio	2010-	4.7L 4,691 cc (286.3 cu in) 90° V8	440 PS (324 kW; 434 hp) @7000, 490 N·m (360 lb·ft) @4750	?
GranCabrio Sport	2011-	4.7L 4,691 cc (286.3 cu in) 90° V8	450 PS (331 kW; 444 hp) @7000, 510 N·m (380 lb·ft) @4750	7200

Transmissions

Model	Years	Type
GranTurismo	2007-	ZF 6-speed automatic
GranTurismo S	2008-	6-speed sequential robotic with twin dry-plate clutch and paddle shifter
GranTurismo S Automatic	2009-	ZF 6-speed automatic
GranCabrio	2010-	ZF 6-speed automatic
GranCabrio Sport	2011-	ZF 6-speed automatic

ZF transmission includes Auto Normal Mode, Auto Sport Mode, Auto ICE Mode, Manual Mode. Auto Normal mode shifts gears automatically at low rpm to achieve the most comfortable ride and at higher rpm when driving style becomes more sporty. Auto Sport Mode changes gears 40% faster than in Normal Mode, downshifts when lifting off as a corner approaches; then it activates the stability control, stiffening Skyhook suspension, and opening exhaust valves when engine is over 3000 rpm (in GranTurismo S Automatic). Auto ICE mode reduces maximum torque at the wheel, prevents 1st gear starts, and only allows gear changes below 1000 rpm.
Sequential robotic transmission includes Manual Normal and Manual Sport, Manual Sport with MC-Shift, Auto Normal, Auto Sport, Auto ICE modes.

Performance

Model	Years	Acceleration 0–100 km/h (s)	400 m	1000 m	Top speed	Acceleration 80–120 km/h (s)	Braking 100–0 km/h (m)
GranTurismo	2007-	5.2	13.4	23.9 s @ 225 km/h (140 mph)	285 km/h (177 mph)[11]	3.7	35
GranTurismo S	2008-	4.9[11]	13	23 s @ 234 km/h (145 mph)	295 km/h (183 mph)[11]	3.5	36
GranTurismo S Automatic	2009-	5.0[11]	13.1	23.3 @ 228 km/h (142 mph)	295 km/h (183 mph)[11]	3.3	35
GranCabrio	2010-	5.3[11]	13.9	24.8 @ 227 km/h (141 mph)	283 km/h (176 mph)[11]	3.3	35
GranCabrio Sport	2011-	5.2[11]	-	-	285 km/h (177 mph)[11]	-	35[12]
GranTurismo MC Stradale	2011-	4.6[11]	12.2[citation needed]	?	301 km/h (187 mph)[11]	?	?

Ferrari FF

The Ferrari FF (FF meaning "Ferrari Four", for four seats and four-wheel drive) is a grand tourer revealed by Ferrari on January 21, 2011. The official presentation was made on March 1, 2011 in Geneva Motor Show.^[3] It is unusual on two points: it is Ferrari's first production four-wheel drive model, and Ferrari's first production shooting-brake. It will replace the 612 Scaglietti. The FF has a top speed of 335 km/h (208 mph) and it accelerates from zero to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.7 seconds.^[2] Ferrari states that the FF is the world's fastest four-seat automobile.^[4] The FF sells for $300,000 USD,^[5] with 800 being produced during the first year.^[6]
The elements within its name, FF, clearly show that Ferrari intends this car to be much more usable than either its predecessor, the 612, or its stablemates: its four-wheel drive system will allow the car to be driven in relatively hazardous driving scenarios, such as heavy rain or snow, while its four seats, coupled with the vastly expanded boot space courtesy of the shooting brake design, make it much more practical.

Engine

The Ferrari FF has the largest capacity Ferrari engine ever produced: a 6,262 cc (6.3 L; 382.1 cu in) naturally aspirated direct injected 65° V12, which produces 660 PS (485 kW; 651 hp) at 8,000 rpm and 683 N·m (504 lb·ft) of torque at 6000 rpm.^[2]

Transmission

The FF is equipped with a 7-speed double-clutch semi-automatic paddle shift system similar to the California and 458 Italia.^[1]

Four wheel drive system

The new four-wheel drive system, engineered and patented by Ferrari, is called 4RM: it is around 50% lighter than a conventional system, and provides power intelligently to each of the four wheels as needed.^[3] It only functions when the manettino dial on the steering wheel is in the "comfort" or "snow" positions, leaving the car most often in the traditional rear wheel drive layout.^[7]
This system is based around a second, simple, gearbox (gears and other components built by Carraro, taking power from the front of the engine. This gearbox (designated "power take off unit", or PTU) has only two forward gears (2nd and 4th) plus reverse (with gear ratios 6% taller than the corresponding ratios in the main gearbox), so the system is only active in 1st to 4th gears. The connection between this gearbox and each front wheel is via independent haldex-type clutches, without a differential.^[8] Due to the difference in ratios "the clutches continually slip"^[9] and only transmit, at most, 20% of the engine's torque. A detailed description of the system (based on a conversation with Roberto Fedeli, Ferrari's technical director) has been published.

Exterior

Ferrari FF rear at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show.

The FF shares the design language of contemporary Ferraris, including the pulled-back headlights of the 458 Italia, and the twin circular taillights of the 599 GTB Fiorano, the latter a departure from the four taillights of prior models.^[1] Distinctive styling elements include a large egg-crate grille, defined side skirts, and four exhaust tips. The shooting brake configuration is a departure from the conventional wedge shape of modern Ferraris, and the FF has been likened to the similarly-shaped 1962 Ferrari 250 GT SWB Drogo race car.

Interior

The combination of hatchback-like shooting-brake design and collapsible rear seats gives the Ferrari FF a boot capacity of between 450 litres (16 cu ft) to 800 litres (28 cu ft).

Ferrari 458 Italia

The Ferrari 458 Italia is a mid-engined sports car produced by the Italian sports car manufacturer Ferrari. The 458 Italia replaces the Ferrari F430.^[2] The 458 Italia was officially unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show on 15 September 2009.

Specifications

In Ferrari's first official announcement of the car, the 458 Italia was described as the successor to the F430 but arising from an entirely new design, incorporating technologies developed from the company's experience in Formula 1.

Engine

The 458 Italia is powered by a 4.5 L (270 cu in) V8 engine derived from a shared Ferrari/Maserati design, producing 562 hp (419 kW; 570 PS) at 9,000 rpm (redline) and 398 lb·ft (540 N·m) at 6,000 rpm^[5] with 80% torque available at 3,250 rpm.^[4] Due to the aerodynamics pushing more air into the engine at high speeds, the engine develops 570 hp (425 kW) at top speed.^{[citation needed]} The engine features direct fuel injection, which is a first for Ferrari mid-rear engine setups in its road cars.

Transmission

The standard transmission is a Getrag dual-clutch 7-speed transmission, similar to the Ferrari California.^[4] There is no traditional manual option, making this the fourth road-car after the Enzo, Challenge Stradale and 430 Scuderia not to be offered with Ferrari's classic gated manual. It is the first mainstream model to not be offered with a manual transmission.
The car's suspension features double wishbones at the front and a multi-link set-up at the rear, coupled with E-Diff and F1-Trac traction control systems, designed to improve the car's cornering and longitudinal acceleration by 32% when compared with its predecessors.^[4]
The brakes include a prefill function whereby the pistons in the calipers move the pads into contact with the discs on lift off to minimise delay in the brakes being applied.^[2] This combined with the ABS has reduced 100–0 km/h (62-0 mph) braking distance to 32.5 metres (107 ft).^[6]
The adaptive magnetorheological dampers were co-developed with Delphi.

Performance

Ferrari's official 0-100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration is under 3.4 seconds,^[7] while top speed is over 325 km/h (202 mph), with a fuel consumption in combined cycle (ECE+EUDC) 13.3 L/100 km (21.2 mpg_-imp; 17.7 mpg_-US) while producing 307g/km of CO₂.^[8] Note* Road & Track recently recorded a 0-60 mph time in 3.0 seconds flat.
The body was designed by Pininfarina, as with all recent Ferrari models. The car’s exterior styling and features were designed for aerodynamic efficiency, producing a downforce of 140 kg at 124 miles per hour (200 km/h).^[4] In particular, the front grille features deformable winglets that lower at high speeds, in order to offer reduced drag.^[9] The car's interior was designed using input from former Ferrari Formula 1 driver Michael Schumacher, including a new steering wheel design which incorporates many features and controls as opposed to their being on the dashboard, similar to racing car designs.^[4]
According to British car magazine Autocar, the 458 Italia's design has drawn inspiration from the Enzo Ferrari and its Millechili concept car.^[10] It has been designed to be Ferrari's sportiest V8-engined car, to distinguish itself from the recently launched Ferrari California.^[10]

The 458 was also reviewed on 15th season of Top Gear, where it received acclaim for its styling and performance. In a drag race against a Ferrari F430, it won by a considerable margin. The car also lapped the Top Gear test track in 1:19.1, just 0.1 seconds slower than the Enzo Ferrari.

458 Challenge

The 458 Challenge was presented at the Ferrari Annual Dealer Meeting on 14 July 2010. Ferrari say their newest Challenge racer can lap the Fiorano test track in 1:16.5, which is two seconds faster than its F430 Challenge predecessor and only .2 seconds slower than the Ferrari FXX.^[11][12]

Recall: wheel-arch adhesive fires

On the 24th August 2010, BBC News reported that ten 458s had either crashed or caught fire in just three months.^[13] Ferrari responded later that it was aware of the fire-related cases, and was in the process of investigating them.^[13][14]
On September 1, 2010 Ferrari officially recalled all 1,248 of the 458s sold to date. A spokesman commented that the problem had been traced to adhesive used in the wheel-arch assemblies and that, in certain circumstances, the glue could begin to overheat, smoke and even catch fire. In extreme cases the melting adhesive could lead to the heat shield deforming, and hence moving closer to the exhaust, causing the wheel-arch lining to catch fire. Owners who had reported fires, that were later confirmed by independent engineers to be due to this problem, will now receive a new car. All other cars will be modified replacing the adhesive with mechanical fasteners.^[15][16]

Convertible and lightweight versions

Speculation started only a few months after the 458 Italia coupe had been showed to the public in Frankfurt, about a Spider version. Firstly, rumours went around that it would have a folding soft top but Ferrari confirmed in early 2011 that the "458 Italia Spider" would be the second convertible in Ferrari's history to use a folding-metal roof. It would however drop the transparent engine cover.

The lightweight version has not even been mentioned to be in development but it has been rumoured that the lightweight version would be called the "458 Italia Tifosi", being named after the fans of Ferrari. The 458 Italia Tifosi would use the same 4.5-litre V8 as the standard Italia but power would be increased from 562hp (570 PS) to 612hp (620 PS).

458 Italia GTC

Ferrari unveiled their new GTE racer for the 2011 races sanctioned by the ACO. The 458 GTC drops the "flex splitter" found in the road cars and replaced with a more conventional inlet, with the air exit out through louvers in the bonnet. Under new restrictor regulations, the 4.5L engine produces 464 hp (346 kW; 470 PS), which is less than the road car and the 458 Challenge. The double-clutch gearbox had to be replaced but paddle-shifting is retained since rules in 2011 allow them. 6 Ferrari 458 Italia GTCs are on the entry list in 2011 Le Mans 24 Hours, backed by 4 older F430 GTCs.
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Lamborghini Aventador

The Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4 is a two-door, two-seater sports car publicly unveiled by Lamborghini at the Geneva Motor Show on 28 February, 2011, five months after its initial unveiling in Sant'Agata Bolognese.^[2] Internally codenamed LB834,^[3] the Aventador was designed to replace the ten-year-old Murciélago as the new flagship model in the Lamborghini line-up starting in 2011.^[4] Soon after the Aventador unveiling, Lamborghini announced that it had already sold over 12 months of the production vehicles, with deliveries starting in the second half of 2011.

Etymology

Like previous Lamborghinis, the Aventador name was chosen for its symbolic connection to the world of fighting bulls, sharing a name with the legendary Aventador, a trophy-winning bull in the world of Spanish bullfighting. Bred by the sons of Don Celestino Cuadri Vides, the bull that bore the number 32 took part in a notably spirited, bloody and violent battle with a torero in the town of Zaragoza, Spain that earned him the “Trofeo de la Peña La Madroñera" in 1993.^[3][6]
Production will be limited to 4000 units (4099 Murciélagos have been built). The moulds used to make the carbon-fibre monocoque are expected to last 500 units each and only 8 have been made.^[7] Lamborghini says that the Aventador is two generations ahead of anything else on sale, using Formula One-style suspension and a lightweight carbon fibre monocoque.^[8] Stylistically, the Aventador represents an evolution of its predecessor, the Murcielago. The car's shape also borrows heavily from Lamborghini's limited-edition Reventón and their Estoque concept car.

Specifications

Engine

The Aventador LP700-4 will be using Lamborghini's new 690 bhp (510 kW) 6.5 liter 60° V-12 engine. Known internally as the L539,^[3] the new engine is Lamborghini's fourth in-house engine and second V12, replacing the first generation Bizzarrini-designed V-12 that was in use since 1963^{[citation needed]} (the other 2 being the V8 from the Urraco/Silhouette/Jalpa and the V10 in the current Gallardo).

Displacement	6,498 cc (396.5 cu in)
Max power	700 PS (510 kW; 690 bhp) @ 8.250
Max torque	690 N·m (510 lb·ft) @ 5.500
CO2 emissions	398 g/km
Combined fuel consumption	17,2 l/100 km (13,5 mpg)[9]

Performance is estimated to be 0-100 km/h (62 mph) in 2.9 seconds with a top speed of around 350 km/h (220 mph).^[10]

Its transmission, a single-clutch 7-speed semi-automatic, is built by Graziano Trasmissioni.Although being single-clutch, gear-shifts are accomplished significantly faster than a dual clutch, in 50 milliseconds. However, some other gearboxes can achieve gear-shifts in only 8 milliseconds using the pre-select option, like Volkswagen's DSG gearbox.

Future versions

LB835 Roadster

Six months after unveiling the Aventador, plans for a roadster version were leaked by the U.S. EPA after it included the model on a data sheet on its website. Sales are estimated to begin in 2012.

Ferrari 360

The Ferrari 360 is a mid-engine midsize two-seater sports car produced from late 1999 until 2005. The 360 replaced the Ferrari F355 and was itself replaced by the fairly similar Ferrari F430. For the 360, Ferrari partnered with Alcoa to produce an entirely new all-aluminum space-frame chassis that was 40% stiffer than the F355, yet 28% lighter despite a 10% increase in overall dimensions. Along with the new frame was a new Pininfarina body styling that broke ranks with the last decade's sharp angles and flip-up headlights, replacing them with a rounded appearance that harkened to the 1960s. The new V8 engine, common to all versions, was only slightly larger and more powerful than the F355's at 3.6 litres and 400 bhp (300 kW) of power, but the lighter frame and added stiffness improved performance; the 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration performance improved from 4.6 to 4.4 seconds. An engine replacement resulted in the V8 road model that followed, the F430 (internally referred to as the evoluzione or evo) which came out in 2004.
Three road going versions were produced: 360 Modena, 360 Spider, both of which were available with either 6 speed or F1 transmissions and Challenge Stradale, an F1 electrohydraulic manual 360 Challenge inspired variant of a 360 Modena.
In addition to this there were the usual factory race cars: 360 Challenge, a one make series factory built customer race car based on the 360 Modena but completely stripped out and non road legal. 360 GT-C, a 360 Challenge stripped out and tuned by Veloqx-Prodive to compete in the N-GT class.
There is also one Ferrari "modificato" 360 Modena. Details are limited however it is known to have had extensive performance modifications carried out at owners request. An additional version, 360 Barchetta, was a one-off wedding present from Ferrari to Ferrari president Luca di Montezemolo.The first model of the 360 to ship was the 360 Modena, named after the town of Modena, the birthplace of Enzo Ferrari. Its six-speed gearbox is available as a manual, or F1 electrohydraulic manual which was only offered after late 2000. The car went into production in 1999 and remained in production until 2005 when it was replaced by the F430. The Modena was followed by the 360 Spider, Ferrari's 20th road-going convertible. Other than weight, the Spider's specifications match those of the Modena almost exactly. The Challenge Stradale (or CS) was a later addition to the road line. It was essentially a lightened version of the Modena, dropping 110 kilograms and drastically improving its handling through optimizations such as uprated titanium springs (lowering unsprung weight), stiffer bushes (from 360 Challenge cars) and uprated rear anti roll bar (the same anti-roll bar as used on 430 Scuderia). Changes included larger 19" BBS wheels, the use of carbon fiber for the frames of the seats and mirrors, titanium springs which were also 20% stiffer, and Carbon fibre-reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/SiC) ceramic composite brake disks. A variety of option allowed for further weight reductions, including replacing the leather interior with fabric, removal of the power windows and mirrors, and deletion of the stereo. Lexan side windows were available in Europe only. It was officially introduced in March 2003 at the Geneva International Motor Show and went into production shortly thereafter. The CS can be compared to Porsche's GT3 RS model in design approach and many magazines have placed them head to head in road tests. Jeremy Clarkson compared the two and chose the CS to be his favourite.

Specifications

Performance

• Top speed: 186 mph (299 km/h)^[1]
• Downforce: 180 kgf (1.77 kN) @ 300 km/h (without rear wing)
• Lift/drag: -0.73:1 ^[2]
• Acceleration:
  • 0-30 mph (48 km/h): 1.8 s
  • 0-40 mph (64 km/h): 2.3 s
  • 0-50 mph (80 km/h): 3.1 s
  • 0-60 mph (97 km/h): 4.3 s
  • 0-70 mph (110 km/h): 5.9 s
  • 0-80 mph (130 km/h): 7.0 s
  • 0-90 mph (140 km/h): 8.6 s
  • 0-100 mph (160 km/h): 10.3 s
  • Standing 1/4 Mile: 12.8 s/110.6 mph (178.0 km/h)

• Braking: 60 mph (97 km/h)-0 mph: 117 ft (36 m)
• Lateral acceleration: 0.90g
• Speed through 600 ft (180 m) slalom: 69.0 mph (111.0 km/h)
• EPA fuel economy:
  • City: 11 mpg_-US (21 L/100 km; 13 mpg_-imp)
  • Hwy: 16 mpg_-US (15 L/100 km; 19 mpg_-imp)
• Est. range:
  • City: 276 mi (444 km)
  • Hwy: 400 mi (640 km)

    Spider

    The 360 Spider is Ferrari's twentieth road-going convertible. The model was regarded a classic even when launched in 2000. Designer Pininfarinas lines are by many regarded as timelessly beautiful and yet sportingly aggressive.
    

    

    Click on the picture to enlarge !

    The engineers worked hard from the start of the 360 project to lay the foundation for a Spider with exceptional torsional and flexional rigidity. They had to strengthen the sills, stiffen the front of the floorpan and redesign the windscreen frame. The rear bulkhead had to be stiffened to cut out engine noise from the cabin. The convertible's necessary dynamic rigidity is provided by additional side reinforcements and a cross brace in front of the engine. Passenger safety is ensured by a strengthened windscreen frame and roll bars.
    The 360 Spider displays a curvilinear waistline. The fairings imply the start of a roof, and stable roll bars are embedded in these elevations. Due to use of light aluminium constructions throughout, the Spider weighs in with only 60 kg (130 lb) more than the coupé.
    With its hood up, the Ferrari 360 Spider looks extremely aggressive. Lowering the hood totally transforms the look. Seen from the side, the 360 Spider resembles a sports racer, a sensation underlined by the length of the rear engine bay, the twin roll bars, the rear fairings and the steep windscreen.
    As with the Modena version, its 3.6 litre V8 with 400 bhp (300 kW) is on display under a glass hood. The engine - confined in space by the convertible's top's storage area - acquires additional air supply through especially large side grills. The intake manifolds, with the classical Ferrari covers, cuddle up to each other between the air supply conduits in the Spider engine compartment, as opposed to lying apart as with the Mondena.
    Despite the car's mid-mounted V8 engine Ferrari's engineers found a way of creating a hood that automatically folds away inside the engine bay, thus ensuring purity of line. The top canopy of crease free material comes in black, blue, grey and beige. The transformation from a closed top to an open-air convertible is a two-stage folding-action that has been dubbed "a stunning 20 second mechanical symphony". After a short to and fro, the entire top disappears into a closed storage area between the seating and the engine.
    The interior of the Spider is identical to the coupé.
    The spider also had the option of a performance exhaust system from Tubi Style. The exhaust made the car sound louder and provided a modest increase in peak horsepower.
    

    [edit] Dimensions

  • Overall: length 4,477 mm (176.3 in)
  • Overall: width 1,922 mm (75.7 in)
  • Height: 1,235 mm (48.6 in)
  • Wheelbase: 2,600 mm (102.4 in)
  • Front track: 1,669 mm (65.7 in)
  • Rear track: 1,617 mm (63.7 in)
  • Weight: 1,350 kg (2,976 lb)
  • Curb weight: 1,450 kg (3,197 lb)
  • Weight distribution: 42/58% front/rear
  • Fuel capacity: 95 L (25 US gal; 21 imp gal)

    Challenge Stradale

    

    Click to enlarge !

    
    

    

    Ferrari 360 Challenge Stradale
    The Challenge Stradale is a limited production track day focused car based on the 360 Modena. It was inspired by the 360 Modena Challenge racing car so the focus was primarily on improving its track lapping performance by concentrating on handling, braking and weight reduction characteristics, which are essential in pure racing cars. Ferrari engineers designed the car from the outset with a goal of 20% track day use in mind and 80% road use. With only a small 20 bhp (15 kW) improvement in engine power from the Modena (and boasting an improved power to weight ratio) the Challenge Stradale accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 4.1 seconds (just a couple of tenths faster than a Modena) but bald figures do not paint the full picture. For the enthusiastic driver the differences are truly staggering, genuine and systematic improvements where achieved to the setup and feel of the whole car. Throttle response from the digital throttle was ratcheted up and feedback through the steering wheel was enhanced. The responsiveness of the controls, the fine balance of the chassis, the braking performance and the driver feedback all contribute greatly to the overall driving experience and lead Ferrari to claim an impressive 2.5 seconds improvement per lap of its Fiorano circuit Vs. the Modena.
    In total, the CS is up to 110 kg (243 lb) lighter than the standard Modena if all the lightweight options are specified such as deleted radio, lexan (plexiglass) rear window and Alcantara fabric (instead of the leather option). As much as 94 kilograms (207 lb) was taken off on the bodywork by stripping the interior of its sound deadening, lighter weight bumpers, carbon mirrors and the optional Modena carbon seats becoming standard. The engine and transmission weight was slimmed down 11 kg (24 lb) through the use of a smaller, lighter weight sports (yet still stainless steel) exhaust back box and valved exit pipes. There are a lot of subtle (and some not so subtle) styling differences between the Challenge Stradale and the standard Modena.
    

    Dimensions

  • Overall length: 4,477 mm (176.3 in)
  • Overall width: 1,922 mm (75.7 in)
  • Height: 1,199 mm (47.2 in)
  • Wheelbase: 2,600 mm (102.4 in)
  • Front track: 1,669 mm (65.7 in)
  • Rear track: 1,617 mm (63.7 in)
  • Dry weight: 1,180 kg (2,601 lb)
  • Curb weight: 1,290 kg (2,844 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 95 L (25 US gal; 21 imp gal)

  Performance

• 0–100 km/h (62 mph): 4.1 s^[3]
• Top speed: 300 km/h (190 mph)^[3]
• Downforce: about 270 kgf (2.6 kN) @ 300 km/h (without rear wing)
• Lift/drag: about -1.1:1

Engine

All models featured the same layout:

• No. of cylinders: 90° V8 F131
• Bore & stroke: 85 by 79 mm (3.34 by 3.11 in)
• Total displacement: 3586 cm³ (218.8 in³)
• Redline: 8500 rpm

For Modena, Spider, Modena F1 and Spider F1:

• Maximum power: 405 PS (300 kW; 400 bhp) @ 8500 rpm^[1]
• Maximum torque: 373 N·m (275 lbf·ft) @ 4750 rpm^[1]

For Challenge Stradale:

• Maximum power: 425 PS (317 kW; 420 bhp) @ 8500 rpm
• Maximum torque: 373 N·m (275 lbf·ft) @ 4750 rpm

• 360 Modena Challenge

  Based on the 360 Modena road car the 360MC (Modena Challenge) as the factory called it was an extensively reworked track day only (non road legal) car destined to complete in Ferrari's one making racing series called the 'Ferrari Challenge'. It was only available in F1 automated gearbox variant and no manual H-gated challenges where ever produced by the factory. At the time of launch Ferrari claimed the 360MC accelerated from 0 to 62 mph in 3.9 seconds (0.6 secs quicker than the standard 360 Modena F1) and could leave it for dead in the twisty road sections.
  Unlike the previous Challenge car series which utilized a previously registered F355 Road car with a 'challenge upgrade' kit applied, the 360 MC was a fully factory built affair which afforded the engineers the chance to really go to town on the weight reduction converting the road car into a viable circuit racing machine. A huge amount of attention to detail ensured that the car was drastically stripped of unnecessary weight over its road going brother and appropriate safety equipment incorporated. This led to a completely different feel to its handling and ambiance, with a fully stripped out interior and bare carbon detailing ensuring the car really did feel a world away from its road going brother. The enhanced driving characteristics (handling, braking, f1 shift speeds, etc.) and of course substantial weight reduction meant the car could comfortably out perform the road cars even though power from the 3.6 engine was claimed to be broadly similar.
  The route to accomplishing all of this extra performance was good old fashioned weight reduction and increasing power through an improved power to weight ratio. All traces of road car luxuries which are standard on the Modena where removed including the sound system, electric toys like windows, central locking and clock. All sound deadening and interior trim, airbags, seat belts and road seats got ditch to be replaced by a spartan functional race care essentials cockpit. This sported bare aluminum painted matt black with FIA approved racing harnesses with a fixed floor mounted single bucket OMP carbon seat bolted to the floor. Even items such as the air conditioning and handbrake where removed in the pursuit of lightness. The suspension was extensively revised and the electronic adaptive comfort system of the Modena was binned for traditional fixed damping setup which was substantially stiffer and lower reducing pitching and roll at the compromise of road car comfort (certainly not a requirement on a dedicated racing car). Beefier brakes where added which could cope with constant stresses and strains of the track which incorporated air cooling ducts to prevent them overheating after constant track use with the car running on racing slicks.
  The leather door panels (in fact all leather) was junked and ultra light carbon door panels with pull cables reminiscent of those found on the F40 and lexan was adopted in place of the electric windows and glass. All in the pursuit of lowering the cars kerb weight as much as possible. The dashboard itself was thinned out and leather was replaced by lightweight Alcantara, the glove box was deleted and holes where incorporated to allow the fitment of a bolt in roll cage for safety. The road cars dashboard display was ripped out and replaced with an early monochrome LCD digital display encased in carbon which more suitable for racing and incorporated more relevant information. This provided the ability to both loose more weight and gain improved insight to telemetry and sensors. An OMP fire suppression system was fitted with controls inboard within the central console (also carbon).
  

  Official Performance figures

• Power (SAE net) : 410 bhp (306 kW; 416 PS) @ 8500 rpm
• Torque (SAE net) : 286 lb·ft (388 N·m) @ 4750 rpm
• 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) : 3.9 sec
• Top speed (limited) : 185 mph (298 km/h)
• Kerb Weight : 1,250 kg (2,756 lb)
• Dry Weight : 1,169 kg (2,577 lb)

GT-C

The GT-C was a track only car based on the 360 Modena Challenge. It was a non-road legal variant of the Ferrari 360 that shed over 200 kg (441 lb) of weight by use of carbon fibre and stripping out of all of the road car's luxuries such as interior coverings and mirrors. The car boasted a fully stripped out racing interior with full integrated welded in roll cage and fire extinguisher. Lightweight BBS 18" alloys, challenge rear grille and acrylic glass rear engine cover cosmetically distinguished the car from the road-legal 360. The 360's advanced electronic suspension system with integrated ASR was dropped in favour of a Veloqx-Prodrive setup. These changes lowered the car by an inch over the Modena while removing the electronic safety net of the road going car.

The engine was tuned by Corsa Cliente, who increased the power from 420 bhp (313 kW; 426 PS) to 550 bhp (410 kW; 558 PS). In the 360 GT-C the main focus is on handling, weight reduction and weight balance improvements. The GT-C was only available in F1 automatic variant, no manual cars were produced. The biggest differences in driving were attributed to the weight reduction and massive handling improvements through the use of uprated Veloqx-Prodrive springs and suspension flamblocks (bushes).